Crafts

The Ulvik portal

Reconstruction of the c. 1150 A.D. Ulvik stave church portal

The Ulvik portal is one of the foremost carved portals of the Norwegian Middle Ages — made around the year 1150 for the old stave church at Ulvik in Hardanger. This is Rolf Taraldset's reconstruction of it, carved anew in two parts from whole lengths of heartwood pine, the same timber as the original. Each side weighs close to a hundred kilos. It is no secret that this was a demanding piece — or pair — of work, which grew over several years.

It is striking what the carvers achieved in their time: more than one hand worked it, and the original's quality shifts from part to part, yet the whole is the work of real mastery. To reach where they reached, Rolf had to make new tools of his own.

It's not copywork, it's a reconstruction. In places the pattern on the original is worn thin or gone, and the carving bears the scars of later use besides — not everything is given. What is missing has to be reasoned back from what survives: by reading the portal's own expression, the way its forms repeat and answer one another, and with the understanding and the eye it takes to make the harmony come together. Drawn and redrawn until the line finds its way home. What stands here is more than 850 years deep in its roots, yet also something wholly new — living, and its own. The portal has found its resurrection and a new life in a new work.

In the end the surface wakes the carving. The relief runs deep — in places very deep — so that in low, raking light the whole portal stirs with shadow. Wood oil, and a darker oil laid into the ground, draw the depths forward so that light and shadow fall where they belong, until the work stands as close to the original as it can come. It can be seen at Bryggen Husflid in Bergen.

The original From the Ulvik stave church
The Ulvik portal
Photo of the original: Svein Skare, University Museum of Bergen.

The original is reckoned to be from the 1150s, and it is counted among the finest church portals ever made in Norway — a composition where the same motifs return from portal to portal across the Middle Ages.

The Ulvik stave church it once adorned reaches far back: the church is recorded from 1309, and the portal is older still. It stood until the 1700s, when it was taken down and a new church raised in its place. The old portal was kept and set into the new doorway, but it stood too tall — so the top was cut away, and the wood hewn for hinges on one side and a lock on the other. What we would now call vandalism was, in its day, only reuse. The two great carved timbers rest today in the University Museum of Bergen.

In the lost top, above the door, two dragons with broad wingspans were most likely carved, as on other portals of the age. Down in the right-hand corner still sits what looks like a lion — in truth a dragon's head, a motif that runs through church portals all the way from the Viking age. Between that loss and more than 850 years of weather, the reconstruction became a riddle worth solving.